The tilapia meat is delicate and delicious, with less intermuscular thorns, fried, simmered, steamed, boiled and fried. It is well received by consumers. Tilapia grows fast, has a miscellaneous diet, strong disease resistance, strong adaptability, easy to raise, and can be intensively cultured in ponds and cages. Therefore, the tilapia aquaculture industry develops rapidly and the output increases year by year. Tilapia has become one of the most advantageous export aquatic products. Promote tilapia farming technology, regulate each production operation in the tilapia farming process, and improve the quality of tilapia, which has great significance to promote the development of tilapia aquaculture.
Through this technology, the quality and safety level of tilapia commercial fish can be improved, the economic benefits of aquaculture can be improved, and the pollution of the ecological environment of the waters can be reduced.
Technology of farming tilapia
1.Ponds should be selected where there is sufficient water, good water quality, no pollution, and convenient drainage. The breeding of adult tilapia has no special requirements for ponds. General farming ponds can be used for breeding. The area is 8-10 mu, and the maximum is no more than 20 mu. The water depth is generally 1.5 to 2 meters.
2.Before the fish species are stocked, the pond should be cleaned and disinfected.
- The fish specifications, the stocking specifications must be 3 to 5 cm or more, and the specifications should be as neat as possible, and the body should be healthy and healthy without injury or disease.
- Stocking time, the growth temperature of tilapia under natural conditions should not be lower than 18 °C, and the fish species should be stocked until the water temperature is stable above 18 °C.
- Stocking density, according to pond conditions, fertilizer, feed source, stocking size and time of stocking, requirements for the size of the pool, as well as different farming methods and management levels.
3.Feeding and managing tilapia is an omnivorous fish that prefers to eat plankton, organic debris and artificial feed. Therefore, it is mainly feeding and fertilizing in feeding management.
- Fertilization of tilapia requires fertile water, whether it is monoculture or polyculture. The plankton is rich in fertilizer water, while fertilization is to cultivate plankton for tilapia feeding, and the bottom residue of fertilizer can be directly used as food for tilapia. Therefore, in the case of ensuring that there is no floating fish, it is necessary to apply fertilizer frequently to maintain the water quality and the transparency is 25 to 30 cm.
- Feeding is usually carried out once every day from 8:00 to 9:00 and from 14:00 to 15:00. The daily feeding amount is 3% to 6% of the weight of the fish. The feed to be fed should be fresh, and the bad feed can’t feed. Soy cakes, rice bran, etc. should be soaked and then fed, and the feed should be placed in a fixed food field. The amount of feed per day should be based on the food intake, water temperature, weather and water quality of the fish. Generally, after each feeding, it is eaten within 1 to 2 hours, and it can be fed more properly. If it is not finished on time, it should be fed less or stopped. On sunny days, the water temperature may be high enough to feed; rainy days or low water temperatures, less feeding; before and after the weather is hot or thunderstorms, feeding should be stopped.
- Daily management is to patrol the pond every morning and evening to observe the fish eating situation and water quality changes in order to determine the amount of feeding and fertilization. It was found that the fish had serious floating heads, and it was necessary to timely add new water or increase oxygen to improve water quality. In addition, every 5 ~ 10 acres of ponds with an impeller aerator, every day in the afternoon and early morning, each time 2 to 3 hours, the high temperature season can increase the number of boot hours.
4.Harvesting is determined according to the size of the pool or according to market conditions, but when the water temperature drops to 12 °C, all tilapia should be caught.